In a classroom with ~n~ male students and ~m~ female students, the teacher is organizing a discussion activity where each pair consists of one male and one female student.

Determine the number of ways to select one male and one female student to form a pair.

Input

• The input starts with a positive integer ~t~ ~(1 \le t \le 10^4)~ — the number of test cases. Each test case is printed in a single line with two integers ~n~ and ~m~ ~(1 \le n,m \le 10^8)~.

Output

• For each test case, print a single integer on a line — the number of ways to select one male and one female student to form a pair.

Example

Input

3
1 1
3 4
19 14

Output

1
12
266